It is more common in children than adults. A person usually gets sick with fifth disease within 14 days after getting infected with parvovirus B This disease, also called erythema infectiosum, got its name because it was fifth in a list of historical classifications of common skin rash illnesses in children.
This rash is the most recognized feature of fifth disease. Some people may get a second rash a few days later on their chest, back, buttocks, or arms and legs. The rash may be itchy, especially on the soles of the feet. It can vary in intensity and usually goes away in seven to 10 days, but it can come and go for several weeks. As it starts to go away, it may look lacy.
You may also have painful or swollen joints People with fifth disease can also develop pain and swelling in their joints. This is called polyarthropathy syndrome.
It is more common in adults, especially women. Some adults with fifth disease may only have painful joints, usually in the hands, feet, or knees, and no other symptoms.
The joint pain usually lasts 1 to 3 weeks, but it can last for months or longer. We can only achieve these goals with your help.
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Fifth Disease This viral disease primarily affects children but can also affect adults. Diseases View All Articles. These conditions include:. The human parvovirus B19 causes parvovirus infection. This is different from the parvovirus seen in dogs and cats, so you can't get the infection from a pet or vice versa. Human parvovirus infection is most common among elementary school-age children during outbreaks in the winter and spring months, but anyone can become ill with it anytime of the year.
It spreads from person to person, just like a cold, often through breathing, coughing and saliva, so it can spread through close contact between people and hand-to-hand contact. Parvovirus infection can also spread through blood. An infected pregnant woman can pass the virus to her baby. The illness is contagious in the week before the rash appears. Once the rash appears, you or your child are no longer considered contagious and don't need to be isolated.
Parvovirus infection can cause serious complications for people with anemia. Anemia is a condition in which cells that carry oxygen to all the parts of your body red blood cells are used up faster than your bone marrow can replace them. Parvovirus infection in people with anemia may stop the production of red blood cells and cause an anemia crisis.
People with sickle cell anemia are at particular risk. Parvovirus infection during pregnancy sometimes affects red blood cells in the fetus. Although uncommon, this may cause severe anemia that could lead to miscarriage or stillbirth.
Fetal risk appears to be greatest during the first half of the pregnancy. Parvovirus infection can also trigger severe anemia in people who have compromised immune systems, which may result from:. There's no vaccine to prevent human parvovirus infection.
The joint problems typically last for a few weeks but can last for months or longer. In most cases, fifth disease goes away on its own. But if you or your child has a weakened immune system or sickle cell anemia , or if you are pregnant, there's an increased risk of complications so it's important to get medical attention. The American Academy of Pediatrics advises calling your pediatrician if you notice the following:.
Parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease, and the illness occurs most often in the spring, according to MedlinePlus. Fifth disease is spread easily by coming into contact with saliva or mucus carrying the virus; if an infected person coughs or sneezes near you, you could be at risk for catching it. Parvovirus B19 can also spread through blood. If a pregnant woman is exposed to the virus, she can pass it on to her baby, which in rare cases can lead to serious problems.
Someone who is infected with the virus is most contagious when they have cold- and flu-like symptoms. By the time a child develops a rash, they are no longer contagious and can usually go back to school, according to the CDC.
Once they recover completely from fifth disease, most people develop an immunity that can protect them from future parvovirus B19 infections. The rash that may develop usually goes away within a week to 10 days, though it may come and go for a few weeks. Joint pain typically lasts one to three weeks, though it can go on for longer. About 10 percent of adults with joint symptoms will experience prolonged problems.
Treatment may involve medication to help relieve symptoms. Medication Options In some cases, your doctor may recommend over-the-counter pain relievers and other medications to relieve pain and discomfort from symptoms such as fever, itching, and joint pain and swelling. Suggested medications may include these options:. Pregnant women should avoid contact with children who have been diagnosed with fifth disease since the condition can in rare cases cause anemia in unborn babies and even miscarriage in a small percentage of women, according to the CDC.
Possible complications from fifth disease include these issues: Anemia Because fifth disease can interfere with making new red blood cells in the body, adults and children who have a compromised immune system or a blood disorder such as sickle cell disease face an increased risk of severe anemia and other complications. Fetal Anemia and Miscarriage In most cases, fifth disease is not a problem for pregnant women. According to the CDC, approximately half of all pregnant women are immune to the virus, which means they and their fetuses are usually protected from getting the infection.
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