A nearby hill was excavated, to discover a tomb chamber behind a steel door. The Seljuk Sultan Sanjar immediately built a large shrine above the tomb, but it was razed a century later by Genghis Khan. Sultan Baiqara rebuilt the shrine that still stands today. The rich blue tiling that covers every surface of the shrine is modern. The Timurid decoration fell into disrepair and the building was covered with a simple whitewash until the s when it was restored by Sher Ali Khan, the amir swept away by the start of the Second Anglo-Afghan War.
A larger tomb next door is that of the other great scourge of the British, Wazir Akbar Khan, who died three years after driving the British Army out of the country in their disastrous retreat from Kabul in On the east side of the shrine is a tall minaret-like pigeon tower.
It was captured by United States forces on April 3, On August 29, , a car bomb exploded during prayers outside the Imam Ali Mosque just as weekly prayers were ending, killing more than 80 people.
Nobody claimed responsibility, and Hussein denied any involvement in a taped message from his hiding place. Najaf again became a battleground during the Mahdi Army uprising of summer , with some damage to shrines as a result. On August 10, , a suicide bomber blew himself up near the shrine, killing 40 people. The mosque was built over the tomb whether actual or symbolic and shrine of Imam Ali, Muhammad's martyred son-in-law. The shrine of Ali is the third holiest in the world for Shi'a Muslims and a major place of pilgrimage.
Many Shi'a bring their dead to the tomb of Ali, carrying the coffin around the sarcophagus before burial. The mosque is resplendent in gold, with 7, tiles of pure gold covering the dome and two meter high golden minarets each made of 40, gold tiles.
Inside, the mosque is decorated with the opulence typical of Shi'a mosques, with neon lights reflecting off mirrored tiles and hammered silver walls.
Sheltered in the mosque is an often-looted treasury of precious objects donated by sultans and other devotees over the years. Najaf includes several other shrines, including a mosque marking the spot where Ali was martyred. There are also cells for Sufi mysticsthat have formed monastic communities there.
It contains the tombs of several prophets, along with millions of Shi'a Muslims who have buried here so they might be raised from the dead with Imam Ali on Judgment Day. Ziyarah of the Prophet and invocations at his grave Ziyarah of Amirul Momineen a.
Ziyarah of Hazrat Abbas Ibne Ali a. Ziyarah of Imam Reza a. Common Ziyarah for all the Imams a.
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