Unlike previous studies that compared wrist injuries with multiple causes, no comparisons were made with patients with wrist injuries caused by other pathways because this study focused only on wrist-cutting patients [ 5 , 6 ].
In the same vein, the dichotomous schematization of the wrist structures could be noted as a limitation. However, the rationale for our schematic representation, which combined the middle layer and deep layer, was that injuries to the deepest wrist structures were significantly underrepresented in wrist-cutting patients compared to patients with wrist injuries from other causes. Our results showed similar results to those reported in previous studies on the epidemiology of wrist-cutting patients.
Most patients were young women who were not suicidal in the true sense because their wounds were not severe. Most patients who had cut their wrists repeatedly were women [ 9 ]. We found that it was possible to improve the efficacy of patient counseling by managing patients through a psychiatric treatment program. Finally, for hand surgeons, we suggest careful repair of the barrier tendons FCR, PL, and FCU to protect neurovascular structures against subsequent cutting events.
Conflict of interest. No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Ethical approval. Author contribution.
Conceptualization: Y Choi. Data curation: J Cho. Formal analysis: J Cho. Methodology: Y Choi. Writing - original draft: J Cho. Approval of final manuscript: all authors. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Arch Plast Surg v. Arch Plast Surg. Published online May Jakwang Cho and Youngwoong Choi. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
Abstract Background Rosenthal et al. Methods We conducted a retrospective study involving patients who had cut their wrists and been examined at the emergency department of a single hospital in Seoul, Korea, between March and August Results There were more women 73 patients; Conclusions We confirmed that most patients were young women who were not suicidal in the true sense because their wounds were not severe.
METHODS Patient selection We conducted a retrospective study of patients who had cut their wrists and were examined at the emergency department by members of the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery at a single hospital in Seoul, Korea, between March and August Methods The first evaluation was performed at the emergency department, and all patients were analyzed for alcohol consumption, drug abuse, psychological state, and previous suicide attempts.
Schematization of the wrist structure Severity was classified according to the depth-dependent damage of the anatomical structure. Open in a separate window. Schematic representation of 16 wrist structures Injuries were dichotomized as deep or superficial based on their location relative to a virtual line running immediately above the median nerve. Table 1. Demographic and clinical features of the patients. Variable No. Psychiatric features Of the patients, 47 Table 2. Known psychiatric history of patients who performed wrist-cutting.
Psychiatric history No. Site of injury The vast majority of patients patients; Severity In total, 82 patients Table 3. Treatment Of the patients, three refused treatment for the wound, while received skin repair. Footnotes Conflict of interest No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Risk factors for suicide ideation among adolescents: five-year National Data Analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. Article PubMed Google Scholar.
Analysis of deliberate self-wrist-cutting episodes presenting to the emergency department. The reason matters: deep wrist injury patterns differ with intentionality accident versus suicide attempt.
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The functions of deliberate self-injury: a review of the evidence. Clin Psychol Rev. Patterns of self-cutting: a preliminary study on differences in clinical implications between wrist- and arm-cutting using a Japanese juvenile detention center sample.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. Evaluation of superficial and deep self-inflicted wrist and forearm lacerations. J Hand Surg Am. Download references. He drew this medical illustration and the copyright belongs to the author of this article.
You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. All authors have read and approved the manuscript. Coordinating: JK, SE. Data interpretation: JK, SE. Correspondence to Seokchan Eun. B in the Seoul National University Bundang hospital.
As this was a retrospective chart review, the requirement to obtain individual consent was waived by the Research Ethics Board. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material.
If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Reprints and Permissions. Kim, JH. A pilot study of 17 wrist-cutting suicide injuries in single institution: perspectives from a hand surgeon. BMC Emerg Med 21, 40 Download citation. Received : 18 October Accepted : 18 March Published : 31 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.
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SOAP web service. Annotations API. Bleeding may be carried out in a similar way as for cattle Figure or by an incision made close to the head using a blade at least mm long to sever both carotid arteries and both jugular veins, i.
In the EU, the trachea and oesophagous of animals intended for human consumption must remain intact during bleeding, except in the case of slaughter according to a religious custom. An incision at the entrance to the chest must therefore be used Figure A knife at least mm long should be inserted in the mid-line of the neck at the depression before the breast bone, and the skin raised with the knife point using light pressure and a lifting movement.
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There should be two powerful jets of blood from the carotid arteries, and a flow from the jugular veins Figure The heart may continue to pump until the carcase is exsanguinated.
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